最終更新:2022-10-06 (木) 02:41:05 (558d)
make
Top / make
ビルド作業を自動化するツール
http://www.gnu.org/software/make/
http://www.gnu.org/software/make/manual/make.html
makeとは
Makefileと呼ばれるテキストファイルに必要なファイルと各ファイルのコンパイルのコマンド、ファイル間の依存関係を記します。そして、“make”というコマンドを実行するだけで、自動的にコマンドを実行してコンパイルしてくれます。これだけではスクリプトと大差がないのですが、makeはMakefileに記された依存関係に基づいて更新されたファイルの内関連のあるものだけを更新することで、コンパイル時間を短くします。
makeは特定のプログラミング言語に依存したものではありません。C言語のソースファイルのコンパイルにも使えますし、Verilog HDLのシミュレーションにも使えますし、TeXのコンパイルにも使えます。
make/ターゲット
- make は make all のようにターゲットを指定せずただ make だけでも実行できます。 その際に何が実行されるかというと、「デフォルトゴール（.DEFAULT_GOAL）」に指定されたターゲットが実行されます。
- .DEFAULT_GOAL は明記しなければ Makefile 内の最初のターゲットが自動的に設定されます。
https://voyagegroup.github.io/make-advent-calendar-2020/006-default-target
パラメータ
-n
- どういう処理を実行するか表示
- --just-print, --dry-run, --recon
- Print the commands that would be executed, but do not execute them.
-p
- --print-data-base
- Print the data base (rules and variable values) that results from reading the makefiles; then execute as usual or as otherwise specified.
- This also prints the version information given by the -v switch (see below). To print the data base without trying to remake any files, use make -p -f/dev/null.
-C
- Change to directory dir before reading the makefiles or doing anything else.
-f
- Use file as a makefile.
-j
- 引き数無しで -j オプションが与えられた場合、 make は同時に実行できるジョブの数を制限しない。
メモ
- Makefileを用意しなくてもhello.cだけでmake helloとするとビルドしてくれる
Makefile
検索順
引数
- 何も指定せずに make を実行すると、make はその最終目標として Makefile の一番最初に書かれているターゲットを生成しようとする
- マクロの定義をシェル引数からでもできる
% make CC=gcc
デフォルトシンボル
CC Program for compiling C programs cc CXX Program for compiling C++ programs g++ CPP? Program for running the C preprocessor, with results to standard output $(CC) -E CFLAGS Extra flags to give to the C compiler. CXXFLAGS Extra flags to give to the C++ compiler. CPPFLAGS Extra flags to give to the C preprocessor and programs that use it (the C and Fortran compilers). LDFLAGS Extra flags to give to compilers when they are supposed to invoke the linker,‘ld’.
C言語
C++
デバッグ
make --debug
高速化
- make -j<数値> - 同時に実行するジョブの数を指定
man
MAKE(1) LOCAL USER COMMANDS MAKE(1)
NAME
make - GNU make utility to maintain groups of programs
SYNOPSIS
make [ -f makefile ] [ options ] ... [ targets ] ...
WARNING
This man page is an extract of the documentation of GNU make. It is updated only occasionally, because the GNU project does
not use nroff. For complete, current documentation, refer to the Info file make.info which is made from the Texinfo source
file make.texi.
DESCRIPTION
The purpose of the make utility is to determine automatically which pieces of a large program need to be recompiled, and
issue the commands to recompile them. The manual describes the GNU implementation of make, which was written by Richard
Stallman and Roland McGrath, and is currently maintained by Paul Smith. Our examples show C programs, since they are most
common, but you can use make with any programming language whose compiler can be run with a shell command. In fact, make is
not limited to programs. You can use it to describe any task where some files must be updated automatically from others
whenever the others change.
To prepare to use make, you must write a file called the makefile that describes the relationships among files in your pro‐
gram, and the states the commands for updating each file. In a program, typically the executable file is updated from object
files, which are in turn made by compiling source files.
Once a suitable makefile exists, each time you change some source files, this simple shell command:
make
suffices to perform all necessary recompilations. The make program uses the makefile data base and the last-modification
times of the files to decide which of the files need to be updated. For each of those files, it issues the commands recorded
in the data base.
make executes commands in the makefile to update one or more target names, where name is typically a program. If no -f
option is present, make will look for the makefiles GNUmakefile, makefile, and Makefile, in that order.
Normally you should call your makefile either makefile or Makefile. (We recommend Makefile because it appears prominently
near the beginning of a directory listing, right near other important files such as README.) The first name checked, GNU‐
makefile, is not recommended for most makefiles. You should use this name if you have a makefile that is specific to GNU
make, and will not be understood by other versions of make. If makefile is `-', the standard input is read.
make updates a target if it depends on prerequisite files that have been modified since the target was last modified, or if
the target does not exist.
OPTIONS
-b, -m
These options are ignored for compatibility with other versions of make.
-B, --always-make
Unconditionally make all targets.
-C dir, --directory=dir
Change to directory dir before reading the makefiles or doing anything else. If multiple -C options are specified, each
is interpreted relative to the previous one: -C / -C etc is equivalent to -C /etc. This is typically used with recur‐
sive invocations of make.
-d Print debugging information in addition to normal processing. The debugging information says which files are being con‐
sidered for remaking, which file-times are being compared and with what results, which files actually need to be remade,
which implicit rules are considered and which are applied---everything interesting about how make decides what to do.
--debug[=FLAGS]
Print debugging information in addition to normal processing. If the FLAGS are omitted, then the behavior is the same
as if -d was specified. FLAGS may be a for all debugging output (same as using -d), b for basic debugging, v for more
verbose basic debugging, i for showing implicit rules, j for details on invocation of commands, and m for debugging
while remaking makefiles.
-e, --environment-overrides
Give variables taken from the environment precedence over variables from makefiles.
-f file, --file=file, --makefile=FILE
Use file as a makefile.
-i, --ignore-errors
Ignore all errors in commands executed to remake files.
-I dir, --include-dir=dir
Specifies a directory dir to search for included makefiles. If several -I options are used to specify several directo‐
ries, the directories are searched in the order specified. Unlike the arguments to other flags of make, directories
given with -I flags may come directly after the flag: -Idir is allowed, as well as -I dir. This syntax is allowed for
compatibility with the C preprocessor's -I flag.
-j [jobs], --jobs[=jobs]
Specifies the number of jobs (commands) to run simultaneously. If there is more than one -j option, the last one is
effective. If the -j option is given without an argument, make will not limit the number of jobs that can run simulta‐
neously.
-k, --keep-going
Continue as much as possible after an error. While the target that failed, and those that depend on it, cannot be
remade, the other dependencies of these targets can be processed all the same.
-l [load], --load-average[=load]
Specifies that no new jobs (commands) should be started if there are others jobs running and the load average is at
least load (a floating-point number). With no argument, removes a previous load limit.
-L, --check-symlink-times
Use the latest mtime between symlinks and target.
-n, --just-print, --dry-run, --recon
Print the commands that would be executed, but do not execute them.
-o file, --old-file=file, --assume-old=file
Do not remake the file file even if it is older than its dependencies, and do not remake anything on account of changes
in file. Essentially the file is treated as very old and its rules are ignored.
-p, --print-data-base
Print the data base (rules and variable values) that results from reading the makefiles; then execute as usual or as
otherwise specified. This also prints the version information given by the -v switch (see below). To print the data
base without trying to remake any files, use make -p -f/dev/null.
-q, --question
``Question mode''. Do not run any commands, or print anything; just return an exit status that is zero if the specified
targets are already up to date, nonzero otherwise.
-r, --no-builtin-rules
Eliminate use of the built-in implicit rules. Also clear out the default list of suffixes for suffix rules.
-R, --no-builtin-variables
Don't define any built-in variables.
-s, --silent, --quiet
Silent operation; do not print the commands as they are executed.
-S, --no-keep-going, --stop
Cancel the effect of the -k option. This is never necessary except in a recursive make where -k might be inherited from
the top-level make via MAKEFLAGS or if you set -k in MAKEFLAGS in your environment.
-t, --touch
Touch files (mark them up to date without really changing them) instead of running their commands. This is used to pre‐
tend that the commands were done, in order to fool future invocations of make.
-v, --version
Print the version of the make program plus a copyright, a list of authors and a notice that there is no warranty.
-w, --print-directory
Print a message containing the working directory before and after other processing. This may be useful for tracking
down errors from complicated nests of recursive make commands.
--no-print-directory
Turn off -w, even if it was turned on implicitly.
-W file, --what-if=file, --new-file=file, --assume-new=file
Pretend that the target file has just been modified. When used with the -n flag, this shows you what would happen if
you were to modify that file. Without -n, it is almost the same as running a touch command on the given file before
running make, except that the modification time is changed only in the imagination of make.
--warn-undefined-variables
Warn when an undefined variable is referenced.
EXIT STATUS
GNU make exits with a status of zero if all makefiles were successfully parsed and no targets that were built failed. A sta‐
tus of one will be returned if the -q flag was used and make determines that a target needs to be rebuilt. A status of two
will be returned if any errors were encountered.
SEE ALSO
The GNU Make Manual
BUGS
See the chapter `Problems and Bugs' in The GNU Make Manual.
AUTHOR
This manual page contributed by Dennis Morse of Stanford University. It has been reworked by Roland McGrath. Further
updates contributed by Mike Frysinger.
COPYRIGHT
Copyright (C) 1992, 1993, 1996, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU make.
GNU make is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as pub‐
lished by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any later version.
GNU make is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with GNU make; see the file COPYING. If not, write
to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.
GNU 22 August 1989 MAKE(1)
関連ツール
Ruby用
- rake?
